Solid states of atorvastatin potassium

ABSTRACT

Atorvastatin potassium crystalline Forms A, B, E, F, and G are provided. Also provided are methods of preparing atorvastatin potassium crystalline Forms A, B, E, F, and G. Atorvastatin potassium crystalline Forms A, B, E, F, and G may be used to prepare pharmaceutical compositions useful for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia or hyperlipidemia.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 61/189,155, filed Aug. 14, 2008, U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 61/190,393, filed Aug. 27, 2008, U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/197,492, filed Oct. 27, 2008,U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/199,809, filed Nov. 19,2008, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/214,858, filedApr. 28, 2009, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.61/268,771, filed Jun. 15, 2009, the contents of which are incorporatedby reference herein, in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to solid forms of atorvastatin potassiumand novel processes for preparing said solid forms of atorvastatinpotassium.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Atorvastatin,([R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoicacid), depicted in lactone form in Formula (I) and its calcium salttrihydrate of Formula (II) (water molecules not shown) are well known inthe art, and described, inter alia, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,681,893 and5,273,995, and in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/166,153,filed Nov. 17, 2000, all of which are herein incorporated by reference.

Three polymorphs of the potassium salt of atorvastatin, namely I, II andIII are disclosed in International Patent Publication WO 06/021216, andcharacterized by X-ray powder diffraction. Form II was described as anamorphous material, while forms I and III were characterized by thefollowing XRPD peaks in degrees 2θ:

Form I Form III 8.4 7.64 9.0 9.26 10.0 9.76 10.5 10.14 11.24 14.1 16.3816.5 17.46 17.1 18.12 18.44 19.92 19.74 20.98 20.32 22.08 20.82 23.2421.32 23.84 22.98 25.2 24.34 27.8 25.82 29.6 27.34 31.3 28.84 32.1630.56 36.34 37.32 42.8 39.2

Form I was also characterized by a melting peak of 155-165° C. in itsDSC. Form II was characterized by a melting peak at 173-183° C. and formIII was characterized by a melting peak at 143-156° C. in the DSC.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a solid crystalline atorvastatinpotassium, denominated as Form A, characterized by data selected fromthe group consisting of: an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) patternhaving peaks at about 2.7 and 8.0±0.3 degrees 2θ and a broad peak withmaximum at about 18.5±0.3 degrees 2θ, a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrumwith signals at about 126.5, 133.0 and 167.5±0.2 ppm, a solid-state ¹³CNMR spectrum having chemical shift differences between the signalexhibiting the lowest chemical shift and another signal in the chemicalshift range of 100 to 200 ppm of about 10.9, 17.4 and 51.9±0.1 ppmwherein the lowest chemical shift in the chemical shift area of 100 to200 ppm is at about 115.6±1 ppm, and combinations thereof.

Another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form A. The method of preparing atorvastatinpotassium Form A comprises providing a mixture of atorvastatin, THF oran ethanol:water mixture, and potassium hydroxide, and precipitatingatorvastatin potassium Form A out of the reaction mixture by removingthe solvent or by combining the mixture with an antisolvent that is aliquid C₄-C₆ ether or a C₅-C₁₀ alkane.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form A. The method of preparing atorvastatinpotassium Form A comprises providing a mixture of atorvastatin, THF or2-methyl THF, water and potassium hydroxide, and precipitatingatorvastatin potassium Form A out of the reaction mixture byevaporation.

The present invention further encompasses a crystalline form ofatorvastatin potassium, denominated as Form B, characterized by dataselected from the group consisting of: an X-ray powder diffraction(XRPD) pattern having peaks at about 8.8, 19.0 and 20.5±0.3 degrees 2θ,and at least two peaks selected from the group consisting of 7.7, 9.8,21.6, 23.9 and 26.9±0.3 degrees 2θ, an XRPD pattern having peaks atabout 8.8, 19.0, 20.5, 23.9, and 26.9±0.3 degrees 2θ, a solid-state ¹³CNMR spectrum with signals at about 129.2, 166.2 and 177.2±0.2 ppm, asolid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum having chemical shift differences betweenthe signal exhibiting the lowest chemical shift and another signal inthe chemical shift range of 100 to 200 ppm of about 11.6, 48.6 and59.6±0.1 ppm wherein the lowest chemical shift in the chemical shiftarea of 100 to 200 ppm is at about 117.6±1 ppm, and combinationsthereof.

Another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form B. The method of preparing atorvastatinpotassium Form B comprises providing a mixture of atorvastatin, ethanoland potassium hydroxide, and precipitating atorvastatin potassium Form Bout of the reaction mixture by combining the reaction mixture with anantisolvent that is a C₆-C₁₀ aromatic hydrocarbon.

A further aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form III comprising suspending atorvastatinpotassium Form A in ethanol.

The present invention further encompasses a crystalline form ofatorvastatin potassium, denominated as Form E, characterized by an X-raypowder diffraction (XRPD) pattern having peaks at about 4.5, 6.5-8.3(broad peak) and 9.2±0.3 degrees 2θ as depicted in FIG. 19.

Another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form E. The method of preparing atorvastatinpotassium Form E comprises grinding atorvastatin potassium Form A in thepresence of water.

The present invention further encompasses a crystalline form ofatorvastatin potassium, denominated as Form F, characterized by an X-raypowder diffraction (XRPD) pattern having peaks at about 4.5, 5.1, 7.6,11.2 and 17.6±0.2 degrees 2θ as depicted in FIG. 20.

Another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form F. The method of preparing atorvastatinpotassium Form F comprises grinding atorvastatin potassium Form A in thepresence of ethanol.

Another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingamorphous atorvastatin potassium. The method of preparing amorphousatorvastatin potassium comprises grinding atorvastatin potassium Form Iin the presence of water.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing amorphousatorvastatin potassium comprising exposing atorvastatin potassium Form Ito about 100% relative humidity.

The present invention further encompasses a crystalline form ofatorvastatin potassium, denominated as Form G, characterized by an X-raypowder diffraction (XRPD) pattern having two broad peaks with maxima atabout 7.1-7.4 and at about 18.4-20.4±0.2 degrees 2θ, as depicted in FIG.21.

Another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form G. The method of preparing atorvastatinpotassium Form G comprises grinding amorphous atorvastatin potassium inthe presence of water.

The present invention further encompasses a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form G comprising exposing amorphous atorvastatinpotassium to 100% relative humidity.

The present invention encompasses 1) a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising the atorvastatin potassium crystalline Forms A, B, E, F or Gof the present invention and at least one pharmaceutically acceptableexcipient, and 2) the use of the crystalline Forms A, B, E, F or G ofthe present invention, for the manufacture of a pharmaceuticalcomposition, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is useful for thetreatment of hypercholesterolemia or hyperlipidemia.

The present invention further encompasses a process for preparing apharmaceutical composition comprising the atorvastatin potassiumcrystalline Forms A, B, E, F or G of the present invention, comprisingcombining the atorvastatin potassium crystalline Forms A, B, E, F or Gwith at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofatorvastatin potassium Form A (as prepared in Example 1). The peak at28.5° is attributed to KCl.

FIG. 2 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofatorvastatin potassium Form A (as prepared in Example 3). The peak at28.5° is attributed to KCl.

FIG. 3 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofatorvastatin potassium Form A (as prepared in Example 8).

FIG. 4 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofatorvastatin potassium Form A (as prepared in Example 10).

FIG. 5 a is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofatorvastatin potassium Form A (as prepared in Example 9, beforere-crystallization). The peak at 28.5° is attributed to KCl.

FIG. 5 b is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofatorvastatin potassium Form A (as prepared in Example 9 afterre-crystallization).

FIG. 6 is a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum of atorvastatin potassium FormA in the 0-200 ppm range.

FIG. 7 is a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum of atorvastatin potassium FormA in the 100-200 ppm range.

FIG. 8 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofatorvastatin potassium Form B (as prepared in Example 11). The peak at28.5° is attributed to KCl.

FIG. 9 is a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum of atorvastatin potassium formB in the 0-200 ppm range.

FIG. 10 is a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum of atorvastatin potassium FormB in the 100-200 ppm range.

FIG. 11 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofatorvastatin potassium Form III (as prepared in Example 12).

FIG. 12 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofatorvastatin potassium Form III (as prepared in Example 13).

FIG. 13 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofatorvastatin potassium Form III (as prepared in Example 14).

FIG. 14 is a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum of atorvastatin potassium FormIII in the 0-200 ppm range.

FIG. 15 is a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum of atorvastatin potassium FormIII in the 100-200 ppm range.

FIG. 16 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofatorvastatin potassium Form I (as prepared in Example 15).

FIG. 17 is a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum of atorvastatin potassium FormI in the 0-200 ppm range.

FIG. 18 is a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum of atorvastatin potassium FormI in the 100-200 ppm range.

FIG. 19 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofatorvastatin potassium Form E (as prepared in Example 16)

FIG. 20 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofatorvastatin potassium Form F (as prepared in Example 17)

FIG. 21 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofatorvastatin potassium Form G (as prepared in Example 18)

FIG. 22 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofamorphous atorvastatin potassium (as prepared in Example 20).

FIG. 23 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD) ofamorphous atorvastatin potassium (as prepared in Example 21)

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to crystalline forms of atorvastatinpotassium and novel processes for preparing crystalline forms ofatorvastatin potassium.

In accordance with the invention, atorvastatin potassium can be preparedin different polymorphic forms. Polymorphism, the occurrence ofdifferent crystal forms, is a property of some molecules and molecularcomplexes. A single molecule, such as atorvastatin potassium may giverise to a variety of crystalline forms having distinct crystalstructures and physical properties like melting point, X-ray diffractionpattern, infrared absorption fingerprint, and solid state NMR spectrum.One crystalline form may give rise to thermal behavior different fromthat of another crystalline form. Thermal behavior can be measured inthe laboratory by such techniques as capillary melting point,thermogravimetric analysis (“TGA”), and differential scanningcalorimetry (“DSC”), which have been used to distinguish polymorphicforms.

The difference in the physical properties of different crystalline formsresults from the orientation and intermolecular interactions of adjacentmolecules or complexes in the bulk solid. Accordingly, polymorphs aredistinct solids sharing the same molecular formula, yet having distinctphysical properties that can be advantageous in certain applicationscompared to other crystalline forms of the same compound or complex.

The crystalline forms of the present invention may be prepared from thefollowing compound:

whose systematic chemical name is[R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-β,δ-dioxane-5-(1methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylaminocarbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-tert-butylheptanoic ester, and which willhereafter be referred to as pyrrole acetonide ester or PAE.

Alternatively, the atorvastatin potassium crystalline forms of thepresent invention may be prepared from the lactone form of atorvastatin.

The atorvastatin used in any of the processes described in the presentapplication can be in its lactone form or may be obtained by subjectingthe PAE compound to conditions that cleave the acetonide and tert-butylester group to form atorvastatin.

Preferred conditions for cleaving the PAE compound employ aqueoushydrochloric acid, more preferably about 1.5% aqueous hydrochloric acid.The solution of atorvastatin thus produced, in either free acid orlactone form, or mixture thereof, is then treated with potassiumhydroxide, preferably a modest excess thereof, more preferably about 1.5equivalents with respect to the PAE.

After association of the atorvastatin with dissolved potassium derivedfrom the added potassium hydroxide salt, any excess potassium hydroxidemay be separated by filtration. The solution may then be evaporateduntil a precipitate forms. The isolated precipitate is crystalline.

The present invention provides a solid crystalline atorvastatinpotassium, denominated as Form A, characterized by data selected fromthe group consisting of: an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) patternhaving peaks at about 2.7 and 8.0±0.3 degrees 2θ and a broad peak withmaximum at about 18.5±0.3 degrees 2θ, a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrumwith signals at about 126.5, 133.0 and 167.5±0.2 ppm, a solid-state ¹³CNMR spectrum having chemical shift differences between the signalexhibiting the lowest chemical shift and another signal in the chemicalshift range of 100 to 200 ppm of about 10.9, 17.4 and 51.9±0.1 ppmwherein the lowest chemical shift in the chemical shift area of 100 to200 ppm is at about 115.6±1 ppm, and combinations thereof.

Form A may be further characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram asdepicted in FIGS. 1-4, 5 a and 5 b and solid-state ¹³C NMR spectra asdepicted in FIGS. 6 and 7.

Preferably, Form A described above is pure with respect to the amorphousform or other crystalline forms of atorvastatin potassium such ascrystalline Form I and/or Form III. Preferably, in some preparations,Form A comprises less than 5% atorvastatin potassium crystalline Form Iand/or Form III, more preferably less than 3%, and even more preferablyless than 1%. In some preparations, Form A represents at least about85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% by weight of all forms of atorvastatin potassiumin the preparations.

In some preparations, Form A may also be characterized by having about4.5% to about 26.4% water as determined by Karl Fisher (KF).

Another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form A. The method of preparing atorvastatinpotassium Form A comprises providing a mixture of atorvastatin, THF oran ethanol:water mixture, and potassium hydroxide, and precipitatingatorvastatin potassium Form A out of the reaction mixture by removingthe solvent or by combining the mixture with an antisolvent that is aliquid C₄-C₆ ether or a C₅-C₁₀ alkane.

Preferably, the antisolvent is methyl tert butyl ether (MTBE) orheptane.

Preferably, when atorvastatin is prepared from the PAE compound, thesolvent used in the process described above is an ethanol:water mixture.

Preferably, the ethanol:water mixture is used at a volume ratio of about1:0.1 to about 1:0.25 (v/v) ml ethanol to ml water. More preferably, theratio is about 1:0.15 to about 1:0.2 (v/v), and, most preferably, theratio is 1:0.19 (v/v).

When atorvastatin is obtained from PAE, preferably PAE and potassiumhydroxide are added at a ratio of about 1:0.01 to about 1:0.3 (w/w) ofgrams PAE to grams potassium hydroxide. More preferably, the ratio isabout 1:0.15 to about 1:0.25 (w/w), and, most preferably, the ratio is1:0.2 (w/w).

Preferably, when atorvastatin is prepared from its lactone form, thesolvent used in the process described above is THF.

When atorvastatin is used in its lactone form, preferably atorvastatinlactone and potassium hydroxide are added at a ratio of about 1:0.1 toabout 1:1.05 (w/w) of grams atorvastatin lactone to grams potassiumhydroxide. More preferably, the ratio is about 1:0.15 to about 1:1(w/w), and, most preferably, the ratio is 1:0.16 (w/w).

When atorvastatin is prepared from its lactone form, Form A ispreferably precipitated out of the reaction by solvent removal.Preferably, solvent is removed by evaporation, more preferably undervacuum.

The process described above is preferably conducted at a temperature ofabout 25° C. to about 50° C., more preferably at about 35° C. to about45° C., and most preferably at about 40° C.

Preferably, prior to addition of the antisolvent, the reaction mixtureis filtered.

Following the addition of the antisolvent, the reaction mixture ispreferably cooled to a temperature of about 2° C. to about 20° C., morepreferably to about 5° C. to about 15° C., and most preferably to about5° C.

Re-crystallization under the same conditions can be performed to removeKCl excess.

Yet another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form A. The method of preparing atorvastatinpotassium Form A comprises providing a mixture of atorvastatin, THF or2-methyl THF, water and potassium hydroxide, and precipitatingatorvastatin potassium Form A out of the reaction mixture byevaporation.

Preferably, evaporation is performed under vacuum.

Optionally, an antisolvent that is a liquid C₄-C₆ ether is added to theevaporated reaction mixture. Preferably, the C₄-C₆ ether is methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE).

The volume ratio between the THF or 2-methyl THF and water in the abovereaction mixture is preferably between about 10:0.5 to about 10:2 (v/v)of ml THF or 2-methyl THF to ml water. More preferably, it is about10:1.5 (v/v).

Preferably, atorvastatin in the process described above is in itslactone form.

Preferably, atorvastatin lactone and potassium hydroxide are added at aratio of about 1:0.1 to about 1:1 (w/w) of grams atorvastatin lactone tograms potassium hydroxide. More preferably, the ratio is about 1:0.1 toabout 1:0.5 (w/w), and, most preferably, the ratio is about 1:0.11(w/w).

The process described above is preferably conducted at a temperature ofabout 25° C. to about 50° C., more preferably at about 35° C. to about45° C., and most preferably at about 40° C.

Preferably, prior to addition of MTBE, the reaction mixture is filtered.

Following the addition of MTBE, the reaction mixture is preferablycooled to a temperature of about 2° C. to about 20° C., more preferablyto about 5° C. to about 15° C., and most preferably to about 5° C.

In one specific embodiment, atorvastatin lactone, THF, water andpotassium hydroxide are combined at a temperature of about 1° C. toabout 10° C., preferably at about 4° C., and, following filtration, thereaction mixture is heated to a temperature of about 40° C., prior toaddition of MTBE at a temperature of about 10° C. to about 20° C.,preferably about 15° C., followed by a cooling step to a temperature ofabout 5° C. to allow precipitation of atorvastatin potassium Form A.Preferably, following the initial precipitation, an additional amount ofMTBE is added to the reaction mixture at a temperature of about 15° C.to about 25° C., preferably about 20° C., followed by another coolingstep to a temperature of about 5° C., and the obtained crystalline formis exposed to about 60%-80% relative humidity at about 40° C. to removeresidual solvent.

The present invention further encompasses a crystalline form ofatorvastatin potassium, denominated as Form B, characterized by dataselected from the group consisting of: an X-ray powder diffraction(XRPD) pattern having peaks at about 8.8, 19.0 and 20.5±0.3 degrees 2θ,and at least two peaks selected from the group consisting of 7.7, 9.8,21.6, 23.9 and 26.9±0.3 degrees 2θ, an XRPD pattern having peaks atabout 8.8, 19.0, 20.5, 23.9, and 26.9±0.3 degrees 2θ, a solid-state ¹³CNMR spectrum with signals at about 129.2, 166.2 and 177.2±0.2 ppm, asolid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum having chemical shift differences betweenthe signal exhibiting the lowest chemical shift and another signal inthe chemical shift range of 100 to 200 ppm of about 11.6, 48.6 and59.6±0.1 ppm wherein the lowest chemical shift in the chemical shiftarea of 100 to 200 ppm is at about 117.6±1 ppm, and combinationsthereof.

The above crystalline Form B may be further characterized by an XRPDpattern having peaks at about: 7.7, 8.8, 9.8, 12.3, 15.9, 19.0, 20.5,21.6, 23.9 and 26.9±0.3 degrees 2θ.

Form B may be further characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram asdepicted in FIG. 8 and solid-state ¹³C NMR spectra as depicted in FIGS.9 and 10.

Form B may be also characterized by having about 12% weight loss at therange of 30-200° C. as determined by TGA at a heating rate of about 10°C./min.

Another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form B. The method of preparing atorvastatinpotassium Form B comprises providing a mixture of atorvastatin, ethanoland potassium hydroxide, and precipitating atorvastatin potassium Form Bout of the reaction mixture by combining the reaction mixture with anantisolvent that is a C₆-C₁₀ aromatic hydrocarbon.

Preferably the aromatic hydrocarbon is toluene.

Preferably, the atorvastatin used in the process described above isprepared from the PAE compound.

Preferably, PAE and potassium hydroxide are added at a ratio of about1:0.1 to about 1:0.85 (w/w) of grams PAE to grams potassium hydroxide.More preferably, the ratio is about 1:0.1 to about 1:0.5 (w/w) and, mostpreferably, it is about 1:0.22 (w/w).

The process described above is preferably conducted at a temperature ofabout 25° C. to about 50° C., more preferably at about 35° C. to about45° C., and most preferably at about 40° C.

Preferably, prior to addition of toluene, the reaction mixture isfiltered.

Toluene is preferably added while the reaction mixture is at atemperature of about 2° C. to about 20° C., more preferably about 5° C.to about 15° C., and most preferably about 5° C.

Described below is a crystalline form of atorvastatin potassium,denominated as Form III, characterized by data selected from the groupconsisting of an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern having peaks atabout: 7.8, 16.6, 19.6±0.3 degrees 2θ, and at least two peaks selectedfrom the group consisting of 2.8, 4.9, 18.6, 21.6 and 29.1±0.3 degrees2θ, a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum with signals at about 165.9, 138.7and 126.8±0.2 ppm, a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum having chemical shiftdifferences between the signal exhibiting the lowest chemical shift andanother signal in the chemical shift range of 100 to 200 ppm of about50.7, 23.5 and 11.6±0.1 ppm wherein the signal exhibiting the lowestchemical shift in the chemical shift area of 100 to 200 ppm is at about115.2±1 ppm, and combinations thereof.

Form III may be further characterized by X-ray powder diffractograms asdepicted in FIGS. 11-13 and solid-state ¹³C NMR spectra as depicted inFIGS. 14 and 15.

Form III is also characterized by having about 8.8% weight loss in therange of 30° C.-190° C. as determined by TGA at a heating rate of about10° C./min.

Another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form III. The method of preparing atorvastatinpotassium Form III comprises providing a mixture of atorvastatin,isopropanol and potassium hydroxide, and precipitating atorvastatinpotassium Form III out of the reaction mixture by removing the solvent.

Preferably, the atorvastatin used in the process described above is inits lactone form.

Preferably, atorvastatin and potassium hydroxide are added at a ratio ofabout 1:0.1 to about 1:1.1 (w/w) of grams atorvastatin to gramspotassium hydroxide. More preferably, the ratio is about 1:0.1-1:0.5(w/w), and, most preferably, the ratio is about 1:0.1 (w/w).

The process described above is preferably conducted at a temperature ofabout 30° C. to about 50° C., more preferably at about 40° C. to about50° C., and even more preferably at about 45° C.

The atorvastatin starting material in any of the above describedprocesses can be in its free acid form or in its lactone form.

A further aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form III comprising suspending atorvastatinpotassium Form A in ethanol.

Preferably, the atorvastatin Form A and ethanol are added at a ratio ofabout 1:10 to about 1:20 (w/v) of grams Form A to ml ethanol. Morepreferably, the ratio is about 1:12 to about 1:17 (w/v) and, mostpreferably, the ratio is 1:15 (w/v).

The process described above is preferably conducted at a temperature ofabout 30° C. to about 50° C., more preferably at about 35° C. to about45° C., and even more preferably at about 40° C.

Any excess potassium hydroxide may be separated by filtration. Thesolution may then be evaporated until a precipitate forms. The isolatedprecipitate obtained in the process described above can be furtherrecovered by conventional techniques, such as filtration and drying,preferably under vacuum.

Described below is a crystalline form of atorvastatin potassium,denominated as Form I, characterized by data selected from the groupconsisting of an X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern having peaks atabout: 3.1, 3.5, 5.1, 8.5 and 11.3±0.2 degrees 2θ, a solid-state ¹³C NMRspectrum with signals at about 181.6, 179.3 and 1161.0±0.2 ppm, asolid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum having chemical shift differences betweenthe signal exhibiting the lowest chemical shift and another signal inthe chemical shift range of 100 to 200 ppm of about 64.9, 62.6 and44.3±0.1 ppm wherein the signal exhibiting the lowest chemical shift inthe chemical shift area of 100 to 200 ppm is at about 116.7±1 ppm, andcombinations thereof.

Form I may be further characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction(XRPD) pattern having peaks at about: 3.1, 3.5, 5.1, 8.5, 9.1, 10.6,11.3, 18.2, 20.1 and 21.1±0.2 degrees 2θ.

Form I may also be characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram asdepicted in FIG. 16 and solid-state ¹³C NMR spectra as depicted in FIGS.17 and 18.

Described herein is a process for preparing atorvastatin potassium FormI. The method of preparing atorvastatin potassium Form I comprisescombining atorvastatin potassium Form A with ethanol to obtain areaction mixture, precipitating atorvastatin potassium Form I out of thereaction mixture by combining the reaction mixture with an antisolventthat is a liquid C₁-C₆ ether such as MTBE, and filtering. Optionally,the filtering steps are done immediately after addition of theantisolvent.

The precipitate obtained in any of the processes described above can befurther recovered by conventional techniques, such as filtration anddrying, preferably under vacuum. Drying may also be carried out using afluidized bed dryer fed with ambient air or dry N₂.

Removal of the solvent in any of the processes described above can bedone by evaporation, preferably under vacuum. Any excess water may bedistilled out prior to combining with potassium hydroxide and/or priorto combining with the antisolvent.

Potassium hydroxide used in any of the processes described above ispreferably in a solid form.

As used herein, a “drop” of water or ethanol refers to about 1 ml toabout 2 ml of water or about 1 ml to about 2 ml of ethanol.

The present invention further encompasses a crystalline form ofatorvastatin potassium, denominated as Form E, characterized by an X-raypowder diffraction (XRPD) pattern having peaks at about 4.5, 6.5-8.3(broad peak) and 9.2±0.3 degrees 2θ as depicted in FIG. 19.

Another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form E. The method of preparing atorvastatinpotassium Form E comprises grinding atorvastatin potassium Form A, inthe presence of water.

Preferably, about 1 to about 5 drops of water is used in the abovedescribed process. More preferably, about 2 to about 4 drops, or about 2to about 3, drops of water is used. Preferably, about 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5drops of water (i.e., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 ml ofwater) is used per 200 mg of atorvastatin potassium Form A.

The present invention further encompasses a crystalline form ofatorvastatin potassium, denominated as Form F, characterized by an X-raypowder diffraction (XRPD) pattern having peaks at about 4.5, 5.1, 7.6,11.2 and 17.6±0.2 degrees 2θ, as depicted in FIG. 20.

Another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form F. The method of preparing atorvastatinpotassium Form F comprises grinding atorvastatin potassium Form A in thepresence of ethanol.

Preferably, 96% ethanol is used in the process described above. Incertain embodiments, absolute ethanol is used.

Preferably, about 1 to about 5 drops of ethanol is used in the abovedescribed process. More preferably, about 2 to about 4, or about 2 toabout 3, drops of ethanol is used. Preferably, about 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5drops of ethanol (i.e., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 ml ofethanol) is used per 200 mg of atorvastatin potassium Form A.

Described herein is an amorphous form of atorvastatin potassium. Theamorphous form may be characterized by an X-ray powder diffractogram asdepicted in FIG. 22 or 23.

Another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingamorphous atorvastatin potassium. The method of preparing amorphousatorvastatin potassium comprises grinding atorvastatin potassium Form Iin the presence of water.

Preferably, about 1 to about 5 drops of water is used in the abovedescribed process. More preferably, about 2 to about 4, or about 2 toabout 3, drops of water is used. Preferably, about 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5drops of water (i.e., about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 ml ofwater) is used per 50 mg of atorvastatin potassium Form I.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing amorphousatorvastatin potassium comprising exposing atorvastatin potassium Form Ito about 70% to about 100% relative humidity.

Preferably, the exposure is to about 100% relative humidity

Exposure of atorvastatin potassium Form I to relative humidity ispreferably for a period of about 5 to about 14 days, more preferably forabout 5 to about 10 days, and most preferably for about 7 days.Preferably, exposure is at a temperature of about 15° C. to about 25° C.

The present invention further encompasses a crystalline form ofatorvastatin potassium, denominated as Form G, characterized by an X-raypowder diffraction (XRPD) pattern having two broad peaks with maxima atabout 7.1-7.4 and at about 18.4-20.4±0.2 degrees 2θ, as depicted in FIG.21.

Another aspect of the present invention is a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form G. The method of preparing atorvastatinpotassium Form G comprises grinding amorphous atorvastatin potassium inthe presence of water.

Grinding in any of the processes described above is preferably performedusing a mortar and pestle. Preferably, grinding is performed for aperiod of about 0.5 minute to about 5 minutes, more preferably for about1 minute to about 3 minutes, and most preferably for about 1 minute. Thetime frame and equipment used for grinding can be modified for use on anindustrial scale.

The present invention further encompasses a process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form G comprising exposing amorphous atorvastatinpotassium to about 70% to about 100% relative humidity.

Preferably, the exposure is to about 100% relative humidity.

Exposure of amorphous atorvastatin potassium to relative humidity ispreferably for a period of about 5 to about 14 days, more preferably forabout 5 to about 10 days, and most preferably for about 7 days.Preferably, exposure is at a temperature of about 15° C. to about 25° C.

The present invention further encompasses 1) a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising the atorvastatin potassium crystalline Forms A,B, E, F, or G described above and at least one pharmaceuticallyacceptable excipient, and 2) the use of the above-described atorvastatinpotassium crystalline Forms A, B, E, F, or G for the manufacture of apharmaceutical composition, wherein the pharmaceutical composition isuseful for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia or hyperlipidemia.

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be in asolid or a non-solid form. If the pharmaceutical composition is in anon-solid form, the atorvastatin potassium crystalline Forms A, B, E, F,or G in the composition can be present as a solid in the non-solidpharmaceutical composition, e.g., as a suspension, foam, ointment, etc.

The pharmaceutical composition can be prepared by a process comprisingcombining the above-described atorvastatin potassium crystalline FormsA, B, E, F, or G with at least one pharmaceutically acceptableexcipient. The atorvastatin potassium crystalline Forms A, B, E, F, or Gcan be obtained by any of the processes of the present invention asdescribed above.

The pharmaceutical composition can be used to make appropriate dosageforms such as tablets, powders, capsules, suppositories, sachets,troches and lozenges.

The atorvastatin potassium crystalline Forms A, B, E, F, or G of thepresent invention, particularly in a pharmaceutical composition anddosage form, can be used to treat hypercholesterolemia or hyperlipidemiain a mammal such as a human, such treatment comprising administering atreatment effective amount of the atorvastatin potassium crystallineForms A, B, E, F, or G to the mammal. The treatment effective amount orproper dosage to be used can be determined by one of ordinary skill inthe art, and can depend on the method of administration, thebioavailability of the crystalline form, the age, sex, symptoms andhealth condition of the patient, and the severity of the disease to betreated, etc.

Having described the invention with reference to certain preferredembodiments, other embodiments will become apparent to one skilled inthe art from consideration of the specification. The invention isfurther defined by reference to the following examples describing indetail the preparation of the composition and methods of use of theinvention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that manymodifications, both to materials and methods, may be practiced withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention.

Preferred methods of measuring the experimental parameters describedabove are set forth below.

XRD

Powder X-ray diffraction (“PXRD”) analysis was carried out using aSCINTAG powder X-ray diffractometer model X'TRA equipped with asolid-state detector. Copper radiation of λ=1.5418 angstroms was used.The sample was introduced using a round standard aluminum sample holderwith round zero background quartz plate in the bottom. Scanningparameters: scanning range: 2-40 degrees two theta, step: 0.05°,integration time: 1 sec. Scanning with spin.

Solid State NMR

Instrument parameters:

-   -   ¹³C NMR at 125 MHz using Bruker Avance II+ 500    -   SB probe using 4 mm rotors    -   Magic angle was set using KBr    -   Homogeneity of magnetic field checked using adamantane    -   Parameters for cross polarization optimized using glycine    -   Spectral reference set according to glycine as external standard        (176.03 ppm for low field carboxyl signal)

Scanning parameters:

-   -   Magic Angle Spinning Rate: 11 kHz    -   Pulse Program: cp with tppm15 during decoupling    -   Delay time: 2 s    -   Number of Scans: 2048

TGA Analysis

TGA analysis was preformed using Mettler 3M with Mettler TG 50thermobalance.

The weight of the samples was about 10 mg; the samples were scanned at arate of 10° C./min from 25° C. to 200° C. The oven was constantly purgedwith nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 40 ml/min. Standard aluminacrucibles covered by lids with 1 hole were used.

Water Content-KF

Water content was determined by Karl Fisher analysis using MettlerToledo DL 38 Karl Fisher Titrator.

Potassium hydroxide (KOH), pyrrole acetonide ester (PAE) andatorvastatin lactone used in the examples provided below arecommercially available.

The methods set forth above were used in the Examples of the presentapplication.

EXAMPLES Preparation of Form A Example 1

Into a jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a refluxcondenser, under atmospheric conditions, were introduced: 72 ml ofwater, 3.61 ml of hydrochloric acid (32%), 375 ml of ethanol (abs.) and30 g of PAE. The reaction mixture was heated to 40±5° C. during 1 hourand allowed to react for approximately 7 hours. 150 ml of ethanol (abs.)was added to the reactor and then 150 ml of the mixture was distilledout. The mixture was left to stir overnight. 6.66 g of potassiumhydroxide were added to the reactor and the reaction was carried out for3 hours at 40±5° C. After the reaction had concluded salts weremechanically filtered from the solution. The solution was evaporatedusing a rotovapor device until a dry white substance was obtained.

Example 2

The same as example 1, except the final drying step. After filtration,the solution was returned to the reactor and concentrated at refluxconditions until half the amount had been evaporated. At this point themixture was cooled to 40±5° C. and 20 V of MTBE were dripped into thereactor. The mixture was cooled to 7±5° C. and then allowed toprecipitate for 3 hours. The solid atorvastatin potassium salt (16.1 g)was then mechanically filtered and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at65±5° C.

Example 3

Into a jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a refluxcondenser, under atmospheric conditions, were introduced: 72 ml ofwater, 3.61 ml of HCl (32%), 375 ml of ethanol abs. and 30 g of PAE. Thereaction mixture was heated to 40±5° C. during 1 hour and allowed toreact for approximately 7 hours. 150 ml of ethanol abs. was added to thereactor and then 150 ml of the mixture was distilled out. The mixturewas left to stir overnight. 6.66 g of KOH were added to the reactor andthe reaction was carried out for 3 hours at 40±5° C. After the reactionhad concluded salts were mechanically filtered from the solution.

The solution was returned to the reactor and concentrated at refluxconditions until half the amount had been evaporated. At this point themixture was cooled to 40±5° C. and 20 V of Heptane were dripped into thereactor. The mixture was cooled to 5±5° C. and it was allowed toprecipitate for 3 hours. The solid atorvastatin (5.9 g) salt was thenmechanically filtered and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 65±5° C.The XRD pattern of the obtained atorvastatin potassium form A ispresented in FIG. 2.

Example 4

Into a jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a refluxcondenser, under atmospheric conditions, were introduced: 72 ml ofwater, 3.61 ml of HCl (32%), 375 ml of ethanol abs. and 30 g of PAE. Thereaction mixture was heated to 40±5° C. during 1 hour and allowed toreact for approximately 7 hours. 150 ml of ethanol abs. was added to thereactor and then 150 ml of the mixture was distilled out. The mixturewas left to stir overnight. 6.06 g of KOH were added to the reactor andthe reaction was carried out for 3 hours at 40±5° C. After the reactionhad concluded the mixture was concentrated at reflux conditions untilhalf the amount had been evaporated and then salts were mechanicallyfiltered from the solution.

The solution was returned to the reactor and at this point the mixturewas cooled to 40±5° C. and 20 V of MTBE were dripped into the reactor.The mixture was cooled to 7±5° C. were it was allowed to precipitate for3 hours. The solid atorvastatin (16.1 g) salt was then mechanicallyfiltered and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 65±5° C. to obtain FormA.

Example 5

Into a jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a refluxcondenser, under atmospheric conditions, were introduced: 30 g of PAE,72 ml of water, 3.61 ml of HCl (32%), and 375 ml of EtOH abs. Thereaction mixture was heated to 40±5° C. during 1 hour and allowed toreact for approximately 7 hours. 150 ml of EtOH abs. was added to thereactor and then the same amount of the mixture was distilled out. Themixture was left to stir overnight. 5.76 g of KOH were added to thereactor and the reaction was carried out for approximately 3 hours at40±5° C. After the reaction had concluded, half of the solvent wasdistilled off and the insoluble salts were filtered from the solution.

The solution was returned to the reactor and at this point the 600 ml ofMTBE were added dropwise at 40±5° C. The resulting mixture was cooled to7±5° C. during 3 hours and then atorvastatin potassium was allowed toprecipitate overnight. The solid atorvastatin potassium salt was thenfiltered and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 65±5° C.

Example 6

Into a jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a refluxcondenser under atmospheric conditions, were introduced: 30 g of PAE, 72ml of water, 3.61 ml of HCl (32%), and 375 ml of EtOH abs. The reactionmixture was heated to 40±5° C. during 1 hour and then allowed to reactfor approximately 7 hours. 150 ml of EtOH abs. was added to the reactorand then the same amount of the mixture was distilled out. The mixturewas left to stir overnight. 5.76 g of KOH were added to the reactor andthe reaction was carried out for approximately 3 hours at 40±5° C. Afterthe reaction had concluded, half of the solvent was distilled off and180 ml of MTBE were added dropwise before the insoluble salts werefiltered from the solution.

The solution was returned to the reactor and at this point 420 ml ofMTBE were added dropwise at 40±5° C. The resulting mixture was cooled to5±5° C. during 3 hours and atorvastatin potassium was allowed toprecipitate. The solid atorvastatin potassium salt was then filtered anddried overnight in a vacuum oven at 65±5° C.

Example 7

Into a 10 liter jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer anda reflux condenser under atmospheric conditions, were introduced: 400 gof PAE, 960 ml of water, 48.1 ml of HCl (32%), and 5000 ml of EtOH abs.The reaction mixture was heated to 40±5° C. during 1 hour and allowed toreact overnight. 2000 ml of EtOH abs. was added to the reactor and thenthe same amount of the mixture was distilled out. 80.1 g of KOH wereadded to the reactor and the reaction was carried out for approximately3 hours at 4015° C. After the reaction had concluded, the solvent wasdistilled off until the mixture was at a volume of 3 liters and theinsoluble salts were filtered from the solution.

500 ml of the solution were introduced into a 3 liter jacketed reactorequipped with a mechanical stirrer and a reflux condenser and 1200 ml ofMTBE were added dropwise at 25±5° C. The resulting mixture massivelyprecipitated to form solid atorvastatin potassium salt which wasfiltered immediately and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 65±5° C.

Example 8

Into a jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a refluxcondenser under atmospheric conditions, were introduced: 120 ml ofwater, 60 ml of THF, 3.24 g of KOH and 20 g of atorvastatin lactone. Thereaction mixture was heated to 45±5° C. and allowed to homogenize forone hour. The mixture was then cooled to 25±5° C. and stirred for 1.5hours. The solution was evaporated until a dry yellow gel was obtainedand was then dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 65±5° C. The XRDpattern of the obtained atorvastatin potassium form A is presented inFIG. 3.

Example 9

Into a jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a refluxcondenser under atmospheric conditions, were introduced: 30 g PAE, 72 mlof water, 3.61 ml of HCl (32%), and 375 ml of EtOH abs. The reactionmixture was heated to 40±5° C. during 1 hour and allowed to react forapproximately 7 hours. 150 ml of EtOH abs. was added to the reactor andthen the same amount of the mixture was distilled out. The mixture wasleft to stir overnight. 6.66 g of KOH were added to the reactor and thereaction was carried out for approximately 3 hours at 40±5° C. After thereaction had concluded the mixture was concentrated at reflux conditionsuntil half the amount had been evaporated and then salts were filteredfrom the solution.

The solution was returned to the reactor and at this point the 600 ml ofMTBE were dripped into the reactor at 40±5° C. The mixture was cooled to15±5° C. where atorvastatin was allowed to precipitate for 3 hours. Thesolid atorvastatin potassium salt was then filtered and dried overnightin a vacuum oven at 65±5° C. This process yields approximately 86%atorvastatin potassium (26.9 g, assay of 87.4%) in regards to PAE. FIG.5 a presents the XRPD pattern of the product, Form A of atorvastatinpotassium.

Dry atorvastatin potassium obtained above was stirred in 450 ml ofethanol abs. at 40±5° C. in the reactor for approximately 45 minutes.Salts from solution were mechanically filtered out and a clear motherliquor was obtained. The solution was returned to the reactor and 600 mlof MTBE were charged by dripping at 40±5° C. The mixture was cooled to5±5° C. where purified atorvastatin was allowed to precipitate for 3hours. The solid atorvastatin potassium salt was then filtered, washedwith 60 ml of MTBE and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 65±5° C.(12.3 g obtained). FIG. 5 b presents the XRPD pattern of the product,Form A of atorvastatin potassium.

Example 10 Method A

Into a jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a refluxcondenser under atmospheric conditions, were introduced: 1 eq.atorvastatin lactone, 1 eq. of KOH, and a THF:H₂O mixture with a ratiofrom 10:0.5 v/v to 10:2 v/v. The reaction mixture was introduced at 4±5°C. and stirred for approximately 2-3 hours at this temperature. At thispoint, the reaction mixture was filtered to remove foreign objects.Afterwards, the reaction mixture was heated to 40±5° C. during 1 hourand allowed to react for an additional half hour. Once the reaction hadconcluded, 40-70% of the reaction mixture was distilled out by applyingvacuum conditions.

At this point, the mixture was cooled to 15±5° C. and 10-20 V of MTBEwere added dropwise. The reaction mixture was cooled again to 5±5° C.during 1.5-3 hours, allowing for atorvastatin potassium to precipitate.The solid atorvastatin potassium salt was then filtered and driedovernight in a stirred vacuum reactor or in a static vacuum oven, bothat 65±5° C.

Dry atorvastatin potassium was then placed in a static humidity oven at40±5° C. with 60-80% relative humidity conditions for at least 24 hours.Afterwards, the product was dried again overnight in a stirred vacuumreactor or in a static vacuum oven at 65±5° C. Alternately, atorvastatinpotassium can be dried by fluidization with an air or N₂ fed fluidizedbed drier (FBD) at 65±5° C. applied for 2-6 hours. Lastly, atorvastatinpotassium is milled by micronization to the required particle size.

Method B

Into a jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a refluxcondenser under atmospheric conditions, were introduced: 1 eq. (2 kg)atorvastatin lactone, 1 eq. (223.7 g) of KOH, and a THF (20 L):H₂O (3 L)mixture. The reaction mixture was introduced at 4±5° C. and stirred forapproximately 2-3 hours at this temperature. At this point, the reactionmixture was filtered to remove foreign objects and a mixture of THF (4L): H₂O (0.6 L) was added. Afterwards, the reaction mixture was heatedto 40±5° C. for a period of 1 hour and allowed to react for anadditional half hour. Once the reaction had concluded, 50% of thereaction mixture was distilled out by applying vacuum conditions.

At this point, the mixture was cooled to 15±5° C. and 40 L of MTBE wereadded dropwise. The reaction mixture was cooled again to 5±5° C. for aperiod of 3 hours, allowing for atorvastatin potassium to precipitate.At this point, the mixture was heated to 20° C.±5° C. and an additionalamount of 78 L MTBE was added. The mixture was cooled to 5±5° C. and thesolid atorvastatin potassium salt was then filtered and dried overnightin a stirred vacuum dryer at 65±5° C.

Dry atorvastatin potassium obtained above was then placed in a statichumidity oven at 40±5° C. with 80% RH conditions for at least 24 hours.Afterwards, the product was dried again overnight in a stirred vacuumreactor at 65±5° C. Lastly, atorvastatin potassium is milled bymicronization to the required particle size.

Preparation of Form B Example 11

Into a jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a refluxcondenser under atmospheric conditions, were introduced: 72 ml of water,3.61 ml of HCl (32%), 375 ml of ethanol abs. and 30 g of PAE. Thereaction mixture was heated to 40±5° C. during 1 hour and allowed toreact for approximately 7 hours. 150 ml of ethanol abs. was added to thereactor and then 150 ml of the mixture was distilled out. The mixturewas left to stir overnight. 6.66 g of KOH were added to the reactor andthe reaction was carried out for 3 hours at 40±5° C. After the reactionhad concluded salts were mechanically filtered from the solution.

The solution was returned to the reactor and 10 V of toluene were addedwhile being cooled to 5±3° C. for 48 hr. At this point the mixture washeated to 111±5° C. and EtOH/H₂O was distilled out. 200 ml of toluenewere added and the mixture was cooled again to 40±5° C. and then allowedto precipitate for 3 hours. The solid atorvastatin (11.9 g) salt wasthen mechanically filtered and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 65±5°C. The XRD pattern of the obtained atorvastatin potassium Form B ispresented in FIG. 8.

Preparation of Form III Example 12

Into a jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a refluxcondenser under atmospheric conditions, were introduced: 200 ml of IPA,2.07 g of KOH and 20 g of atorvastatin lactone. The reaction mixture washeated to 45±5° C. during 30 minutes and then 80 ml of the solution weredistilled out by vacuum. The mixture was cooled to 25±5° C. and allowedto stir overnight, during which precipitation of a white solid had begunwhile all the IPA evaporated. 150 ml of IPA was added to dislodge thewhite sediment that formed in the reactor which was mechanicallyfiltered and washed with 80 ml of IPA. The solid atorvastatin was driedovernight in a vacuum oven at 65±5° C. The XRD pattern of the obtainedatorvastatin potassium Form III is presented in FIG. 11.

Example 13

12 grams of dry atorvastatin potassium (obtained in Example 5) wassuspended in 180 ml of ethanol abs. at 40±5° C. in the reactor forapproximately 45 minutes. Salts from the solution were mechanicallyfiltered out and a clear mother liquor was obtained. The solution wasevaporated with rotovapor equipment and then solid atorvastatinpotassium was dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 65±5° C. The XRDpattern of the obtained atorvastatin potassium Form III is presented inFIG. 12.

Example 14

9 grams of dry atorvastatin potassium (obtained in Example 6) wassuspended in 135 ml of ethanol abs. at 40±5° C. in the reactor forapproximately 45 minutes. Salts from solution were mechanically filteredout and a clear mother liquor was obtained. The solution was evaporatedwith rotovapor equipment and then solid atorvastatin potassium was driedovernight in a vacuum oven at 65±5° C. The XRD pattern of the obtainedatorvastatin potassium Form III is presented in FIG. 13.

Preparation of Form I Example 15

60 grams of dry atorvastatin potassium (obtained in Example 7) wassuspended in 900 ml of ethanol abs. at 40±5° C. in the reactor forapproximately 45 minutes. Salts from the solution were mechanicallyfiltered out and a clear mother liquor was obtained. 1200 ml of MTBEwere added dropwise at 40±5° C. The resulting mixture was cooled to15±5° C., where massive precipitation caused the formation of solidatorvastatin potassium salt which was filtered immediately and driedovernight in a vacuum oven at 65±5° C. or dried overnight in a partialvacuum oven at 65±5° C. or dried using a fluidized bed drier with anambient air feed for approximately 4 hours.

Preparation of Form E Example 16

2-3 drops of water were added to about 200 mg of atorvastatin potassiumForm A. The sample with the drops of water was ground for about 1 min byusing a mortar and pestle. The sample was analyzed by XRD whichconfirmed Form E content.

Preparation of Form F Example 17

2-3 drops of ethanol 96% were added to about 200 mg of atorvastatinpotassium Form A. The sample with the drops of ethanol was ground forabout 1 min. by using a mortar and pestle. The sample was analyzed byXRD which confirmed Form F content.

Preparation of Form G Example 18

About 200 mg of amorphous atorvastatin potassium was exposed to 100%relative humidity for 7 days at room temperature. Then the sample wasanalyzed by XRD which confirmed that Form G was obtained.

Example 19

To about 100 mg of amorphous atorvastatin potassium, 1-2 drops of waterwas added. The material was ground with water by using mortar and pestlefor about 1 min. The sample was analyzed immediately by XRD, whichconfirmed Form G content.

Preparation of Amorphous Form Example 20

A drop of water was added to about 50 mg of atorvastatin potassium FormI that was placed in a mortar. The powder and the water were stronglyground together with a pestle for 1 minute. The wet sample was analyzedby XRD, which confirmed its amorphous content (as described in FIG. 21).

Example 21

About 100 mg of atorvastatin potassium Form I was exposed to 100%relative humidity (RH) for 7 days at room temperature. The sample wasanalyzed by XRD after the exposure to humidity, which confirmed itsamorphous content (as described in FIG. 22).

Preparation of Pharmaceutical Formulation with Atorvastatin PotassiumForm A Example 22

10 mg of atorvastatin potassium Form A was mixed with the followingfillers:

55 mg of lactose spray dried, 31.5 mg of microcrystalline cellulose, 3mg of croscarmellose sodium and with 0.5 mg of magnesium stearate. Allthose ingredients were pressed to obtain a disk by using a pressure of 2tons for 1 min. The obtained disk was analyzed by XRD, which confirmedits atorvastatin potassium Form A content.

1-17. (canceled)
 18. A process for preparing atorvastatin potassium FormA comprising mixing atorvastatin, tetrahydrofuran or an ethanol:watermixture, and potassium hydroxide to form a reaction mixture, andprecipitating atorvastatin potassium Form A out of the reaction mixtureby removing the solvent or by combining the reaction mixture with anantisolvent that is a liquid C₄-C₆ ether or a C₅-C₁₀ alkane.
 19. Theprocess of claim 18, wherein the antisolvent is methyl tert butyl etheror heptane.
 20. The process of claim 18, wherein the atorvastatin isprepared from the pyrrole acetonide ester compound (PAE).
 21. Theprocess of claim 20, wherein the solvent is an ethanol:water mixture.22. The process of claim 21, wherein the ethanol:water mixture is usedat a volume ratio of about 1:0.1 to about 1:0.25 (v/v) ml ethanol to mlwater.
 23. The process of claim 22, wherein the ethanol:water mixture isused at a volume ratio of about 1:0.19 (v/v).
 24. The process of claim20, wherein the PAE and potassium hydroxide are added at a ratio ofabout 1:0.01 to about 1:0.3 (w/w) of grams PAE to grams potassiumhydroxide.
 25. The process of claim 24, wherein the ratio is about 1:0.2(w/w).
 26. The process of claim 18, wherein the atorvastatin is in itslactone form.
 27. The process of claim 26, wherein the solvent istetrahydrofuran.
 28. The process of claim 26, wherein the atorvastatinlactone and potassium hydroxide are added at a ratio of about 1:0.1 toabout 1:1.05 (w/w) of grams lactone atorvastatin to grams potassiumhydroxide.
 29. The process of claim 28, wherein the ratio is about1:0.16 (w/w).
 30. A crystalline form of atorvastatin potassium,denominated as Form B, characterized by data selected from the groupconsisting of: an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at 8.8,19.0 and 20.5±0.3 degrees 2θ, and at least two peaks selected from thegroup consisting of 7.7, 9.8, 21.6, 23.9 and 26.9±0.3 degrees 2θ, anXRPD pattern having peaks at 8.8, 19.0, 20.5, 23.9, and 26.9±0.3 degrees2θ, a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum with signals at 129.2, 166.2 and177.2±0.2 ppm, a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum having chemical shiftdifferences between the signal exhibiting the lowest chemical shift andanother signal in the chemical shift range of 100 to 200 ppm of 11.6,48.6 and 59.6±0.1 ppm wherein the lowest chemical shift in the chemicalshift area of 100 to 200 ppm is at 117.6±1 ppm, and combinationsthereof.
 31. The crystalline form of claim 30, characterized by an X-raypowder diffraction pattern having peaks at 8.8, 19.0 and 20.5±0.3degrees 2θ, and at least two peaks selected from the group consisting of7.7, 9.8, 21.6, 23.9 and 26.9±0.3 degrees 2θ.
 32. The crystalline formof claim 30, characterized by an XRPD pattern having peaks at 8.8, 19.0,20.5, 23.9, and 26.9±0.3 degrees 2θ.
 33. The crystalline form of claim30, characterized by a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum with signals at129.2, 166.2 and 177.2±0.2 ppm.
 34. The crystalline form of claim 30,characterized by a solid-state ¹³C NMR spectrum having chemical shiftdifferences between the signal exhibiting the lowest chemical shift andanother signal in the chemical shift range of 100 to 200 ppm of 11.6,48.6 and 59.6±0.1 ppm wherein the lowest chemical shift in the chemicalshift area of 100 to 200 ppm is at 117.6±1 ppm.
 35. The crystalline formof claim 30, characterized by XRPD patterns having peaks at: 7.7, 8.8,9.8, 12.3, 15.9, 19.0, 20.5, 21.6, 23.9 and 26.9±0.3 degrees 2θ.
 36. Thecrystalline form of claim 30, characterized by an X-ray powderdiffraction pattern as depicted in FIG. 8 or a solid-state ¹³C NMRspectrum as depicted in FIG. 9 or
 10. 37. The crystalline form of claim30, characterized by having about 12% weight loss at the range of 30°C.-200° C. as determined by TGA.
 38. A process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form B comprising mixing atorvastatin, ethanoland potassium hydroxide to form a reaction mixture, and precipitatingatorvastatin potassium Form B out of the reaction mixture by combiningthe reaction mixture with an antisolvent that is a C₆-C₁₀ aromatichydrocarbon.
 39. The process of claim 38, wherein the antisolvent istoluene.
 40. The process of claim 38, wherein the atorvastatin isprepared from the PAE compound.
 41. The process of claim 40, wherein thePAE compound and potassium hydroxide are added at a ratio of about 1:0.1to about 1:0.85 (w/w) of grams of the PAE compound to grams potassiumhydroxide.
 42. The process of claim 41, wherein the ratio is about1:0.22 (w/w).
 43. The process of claim 18 or 38, wherein the process isconducted at a temperature of about 25° C. to about 50° C.
 44. Theprocess of claim 43, wherein the temperature is about 40° C.
 45. Theprocess of claim 18 or 38, wherein, following the addition of theantisolvent, the reaction mixture is preferably cooled to a temperatureof about 2° C. to about 20° C.
 46. The process of claim 45, wherein,following the addition of the antisolvent, the reaction mixture ispreferably cooled to a temperature of about 5° C.
 47. The process ofclaim 18 or 38, wherein the potassium hydroxide is in a solid form. 48.A process for preparing atorvastatin potassium Form III comprisingsuspending atorvastatin potassium Form A in ethanol.
 49. The process ofclaim 48, wherein the atorvastatin Form A and ethanol are added at aratio of about 1:10 to about 1:20 (w/v) of grams Form A to ml ethanol.50. The process of claim 49, wherein the ratio is about 1:15 (w/v). 51.The process of claim 48, conducted at a temperature of about 30° C. toabout 50° C.
 52. The process of claim 51, conducted at a temperature ofabout 40° C.
 53. A crystalline form of atorvastatin potassium,denominated as Form E, characterized by an X-ray powder diffractionpattern having peaks at 4.5, 6.5-8.3 (broad peak) and 9.2±0.3 degrees2θ.
 54. The crystalline form of claim 53, characterized by an X-raypowder diffraction pattern as depicted in FIG.
 19. 55. A process forpreparing atorvastatin potassium Form E, comprising grindingatorvastatin potassium Form A in the presence of water.
 56. The processof claim 55, wherein about 1 to about 5 drops of water per 200 mg ofatorvastatin potassium Form A are used.
 57. The process of claim 56,wherein about 2 to about 3 drops of water are used.
 58. A crystallineform of atorvastatin potassium, denominated as Form F, characterized byan X-ray powder diffraction pattern having peaks at 4.5, 5.1, 7.6, 11.2and 17.6±0.2 degrees 2θ.
 59. The crystalline form of claim 58,characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern as depicted in FIG.20.
 60. A process for preparing atorvastatin potassium Form F,comprising grinding atorvastatin potassium Form A in the presence ofethanol.
 61. The process of claim 60, wherein 96% ethanol is used. 62.The process of either claim 60 or 61, wherein about 1 to about 5 dropsof ethanol per 200 mg of atorvastatin potassium Form A are used.
 63. Theprocess of claim 62, wherein about 2 to about 3 drops of ethanol areused.
 64. A crystalline form of atorvastatin potassium, denominated asForm G, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having twobroad peaks with maxima at 7.1-7.4 and at 18.4-20.4±0.2 degrees 2θ. 65.The crystalline form of claim 64, characterized by an X-ray powderdiffraction pattern as depicted in FIG.
 21. 66. A process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form G comprising grinding amorphous atorvastatinpotassium in the presence of water.
 67. A process for preparingatorvastatin potassium Form G comprising exposing amorphous atorvastatinpotassium to about 70% to about 100% relative humidity.
 68. The processof claim 67, wherein the relative humidity is about 100%.
 69. A processfor preparing amorphous atorvastatin potassium comprising grindingatorvastatin potassium Form I in the presence of water.
 70. The processof claim 69, wherein about 1 to about 5 drops of water per 50 mg ofatorvastatin potassium Form I are used.
 71. The process of claim 70,wherein about 2 to about 3 drops of water are used.
 72. The process ofany one of claim 55, 60, 66, or 69, wherein grinding is performed for aperiod of about 0.5 minute to about 5 minutes.
 73. The process of claim72, wherein grinding is performed for a period of about 1 minute.
 74. Aprocess for preparing amorphous atorvastatin potassium comprisingexposing atorvastatin potassium Form I to about 70% to about 100%relative humidity.
 75. The process of claim 74, wherein the relativehumidity is about 100%.
 76. The process of any one of claim 67 or 74,wherein the exposure is for a period of about 5 to about 14 days. 77.The process of claim 76, wherein the exposure is for about 7 days. 78.The process of any one of claim 67 or 74, wherein the process isconducted at a temperature of about 15° C. to about 25° C.
 79. Apharmaceutical composition comprising at least one of atorvastatinpotassium crystalline Forms B, E, F or G and at least onepharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
 80. A process for preparing apharmaceutical composition comprising at least one of atorvastatinpotassium crystalline Forms B, E, F or G comprising combiningatorvastatin potassium crystalline Forms B, E, F or G with at least onepharmaceutically acceptable excipient.